C1-Level General English Reading Activities

Lesson #1: Sleep and Dreams

Outcome: I can read about bizarre dreams.

Instructions: Read the following dreams. Then, discuss common types of bizarre dreams.

1. Dream 1: Flying Through Jellyfish Skies In this surreal dream, I found myself floating amidst a breathtaking spectacle—a sky filled with shimmering jellyfish, their translucent bodies glowing with an ethereal light. Each jellyfish pulsated with a mesmerizing rhythm, casting an iridescent glow that illuminated the landscape below. As I soared among them, I could feel the cool, damp air against my skin, and the gentle currents of wind carried me effortlessly through the jellyfish-filled sky. It was a surreal sensation, like navigating through an underwater world suspended in the heavens above, where the laws of gravity seemed to bend and twist with every movement.

2. Dream 2: The Talking Animals' Council In this enchanting dream, I stumbled upon a hidden clearing deep within the heart of the forest—a sacred meeting place where animals from far and wide gathered to hold council. To my astonishment, the animals were engaged in a lively discussion, their voices blending into a symphony of chirps, growls, and whistles. Squirrels debated with rabbits, birds squawked with wisdom, and a wise old owl presided over the gathering with solemn authority. It was a surreal sight, witnessing the creatures of the forest come together in a harmonious exchange of ideas and opinions, as if they were wise elders deliberating matters of great importance.

3. Dream 3: The Haunted Library In this eerie dream, I found myself wandering through the dimly lit corridors of a vast, labyrinthine library—an ancient repository of knowledge steeped in mystery and intrigue. The air was heavy with the scent of old parchment and dust, and the shelves groaned under the weight of countless volumes and manuscripts. As I navigated through the maze-like passages, I could hear the faint whispers of voices echoing off the walls—a ghostly chorus of long-forgotten souls trapped within the confines of the library. Suddenly, the books began to levitate off their shelves, their pages fluttering open to reveal spectral apparitions trapped within their pages. It was a haunting yet mesmerizing sight, as if the very walls of the library were alive with the echoes of the past.

4. Dream 4: The Talking Vegetables In this whimsical dream, I found myself wandering through a verdant garden teeming with life—yet it was not the usual flora and fauna one might expect. Instead, the garden was populated by a colorful array of talking vegetables, each with its own unique personality and quirks. Carrots chatted animatedly with tomatoes, potatoes gossiped with onions, and even a wise old cabbage held court in the center of the garden, dispensing sage advice to all who would listen. It was a surreal scene, filled with laughter and camaraderie, as if the vegetables had a life of their own—a world where the boundaries between animate and inanimate blurred into delightful absurdity.

5. Dream 5: The Time-Traveling Tea Party In this enchanting dream, I was whisked away to a fantastical tea party hosted by a group of elegant Victorian ladies—each with a twinkle of mischief in her eye and a secret knowledge of the ages. As I sipped my tea, they regaled me with tales of their daring adventures through time and space, weaving a tapestry of wonder and awe that spanned centuries and galaxies. With each sip, I felt myself being transported to distant lands and distant times, experiencing the wonders of the universe in all their splendor. It was a surreal and enchanting experience, one that left me longing to explore the mysteries of time and space myself—a dream that lingered in my mind long after I awoke.

Lesson #2: Subculture

Outcome: I can read about subcultures and identify stereotypes.

Instructions: Read about the following three subcultures. Then, research another subculture and identify stereotypes about the subculture. 

1. Goth Subculture: The goth subculture is characterized by its dark aesthetic, embracing elements of macabre fashion, music, and literature. Stereotypes associated with goths often include notions of being morbid, brooding, and aloof. Some common stereotypes include:

   • Fashion: Wearing all black clothing, heavy makeup, and accessories adorned with skull motifs or occult symbols.
   • Music: Listening exclusively to gothic rock, industrial, or darkwave music, with lyrics often focusing on themes of death, despair, and the supernatural.
   • Personality: Perceived as introverted, mysterious, and melancholic, with a penchant for introspection and philosophical contemplation.
   • Interests: Enjoying literature and films with dark or horror themes, gravitating towards gothic architecture and symbolism.

2. Hipster Subculture: The hipster subculture is characterized by its emphasis on alternative, indie, and retro aesthetics, often associated with urban, creative, and progressive lifestyles. Stereotypes associated with hipsters often include notions of being pretentious, elitist, and ironic. Some common stereotypes include:

   • Fashion: Sporting vintage or thrifted clothing, thick-rimmed glasses, and quirky accessories, often with an emphasis on irony and non-conformity.
   • Tastes: Preferring artisanal, organic, or locally sourced food and beverages, as well as niche interests such as craft beer, specialty coffee, and obscure music genres.
   • Lifestyle: Embracing DIY culture, sustainable living practices, and countercultural ideologies, while eschewing mainstream trends and consumerism.
   • Social Scene: Frequenting trendy cafes, art galleries, and indie music venues, and engaging in intellectual or artistic pursuits.

3. Surfer Subculture: The surfer subculture is characterized by its association with beach culture, outdoor lifestyles, and a love of surfing. Stereotypes associated with surfers often include notions of being carefree, laid-back, and perpetually sun-kissed. Some common stereotypes include:

   • Fashion: Wearing board shorts, flip-flops, and graphic t-shirts adorned with surf brands or beach-themed designs.
   • Lifestyle: Spending long hours at the beach, chasing waves and soaking up the sun, often embodying a relaxed and easygoing attitude towards life.
   • Interests: Prioritizing surfing above all else, with a deep connection to nature and the ocean, and a passion for environmental conservation.
   • Speech: Using surf slang and colloquialisms, such as "gnarly," "rad," and "stoked," to communicate with other surfers and members of the subculture.

Lesson #3: Nostalgia

Outcome: I can identify catchphrases in a script.

Instructions: Read this dialogue. Then, research which movies the catchphrases are from.

Lesson #4: Concentration 

Outcome: I can read about problems with concentration and recommend strategies to deal with these issues.

Instructions: Read about five common difficulties with concentration. Give recommendations on how to deal with these challenges. 

Lesson #5: Consumerism

Outcome: I can read reviews about a product and write a rival product which is an improvement of the original product.

Instructions: Read the following review. Then, write about ways to improve the product. 

Lesson #6: Internet Virality

Outcome: I can read about the effects of the internet on today’s youth.

Instructions: Complete the following reading and respond to the comprehension questions. 

The internet has had a profound impact on today's youth, shaping their behaviors, attitudes, and experiences in significant ways. With the rise of smartphones, social media platforms, and online gaming, young people are more connected than ever before, with access to a wealth of information and opportunities for interaction. One notable effect of the internet on youth is the way it has revolutionized communication. Through instant messaging, social networking sites, and video calls, young people can connect with friends and peers from around the world, fostering friendships and relationships regardless of geographical distance. However, this constant connectivity also raises concerns about the quality of these relationships and the impact of excessive screen time on mental health and well-being.

Moreover, the internet has transformed the way young people access and consume information. With search engines and online databases at their fingertips, students can conduct research and study more efficiently than ever before. However, the abundance of information available online also presents challenges in discerning credible sources from misinformation and navigating the digital landscape responsibly. Additionally, the internet has opened up new avenues for creativity and self-expression, with platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and blogging enabling young people to share their talents and perspectives with a global audience. However, the pressure to curate a perfect online persona and the potential for cyberbullying can also take a toll on youth's mental health and self-esteem.

In conclusion, while the internet offers myriad opportunities for learning, connection, and self-expression, it also presents challenges and risks for today's youth. It is essential for parents, educators, and policymakers to promote digital literacy, responsible online behavior, and healthy screen time habits to ensure that young people can harness the benefits of the internet while mitigating its potential harms.

Comprehension Questions:

1. What are some ways the internet has transformed communication for today's youth?
2. How has the internet affected the way young people access information and study?
3. What are some potential challenges and risks associated with excessive internet use among youth?
4. How can parents, educators, and policymakers help young people navigate the digital landscape responsibly?
5. What are some examples of online platforms that enable youth to express themselves creatively?

Lesson #7: The Future and Technology

Outcome: I can read about predictions for the year 2050 and explain their agreement or disagreement. 

Instructions: Read the following predictions. Indicate whether you agree with them or not and explain your reasoning. 

1. Renewable Energy Domination: By 2050, renewable energy sources will account for at least 80% of global electricity generation, with solar power contributing over 40% of total energy production and wind power surpassing 30%. Carbon emissions from the energy sector will be reduced by 90% compared to 2020 levels.

2. Advanced Transportation Infrastructure: High-speed rail networks will connect major cities globally, with trains traveling at speeds exceeding 400 miles per hour (640 kilometers per hour). Autonomous electric vehicles will dominate urban transportation, reducing traffic accidents by 80% and cutting commute times by an average of 50%.

3. Space Colonization: By 2050, there will be at least one permanent human settlement on Mars, with a population exceeding 1,000 residents. Commercial space tourism will become affordable for the average citizen, with over 100,000 people traveling to space annually.

4. Artificial Intelligence Integration: AI will be integrated into 95% of all consumer electronics and smart devices, achieving human-level intelligence in specific tasks such as natural language processing and image recognition. The global market for AI technologies will surpass $5 trillion USD, with AI contributing to a 50% increase in productivity across various industries.

5. Advancements in Healthcare: Personalized medicine will be the standard of care, with genomic sequencing costs reduced to less than $100 per person. Life expectancy will exceed 100 years on average, with regenerative medicine techniques allowing for organ regeneration and tissue repair.

6. Climate Change Mitigation: Global carbon dioxide levels will be reduced to below 350 parts per million (ppm), returning atmospheric CO2 concentrations to pre-industrial levels. Renewable energy infrastructure investments will surpass $10 trillion USD annually, leading to a 70% decrease in global greenhouse gas emissions.

7. Smart City Development: Smart cities will utilize IoT sensors and AI algorithms to optimize resource allocation and urban planning, achieving a 90% reduction in energy consumption and a 50% decrease in traffic congestion. Over 90% of urban residents will have access to high-speed internet connectivity, enabling seamless digital interactions.

8. Digital Currency Dominance: Cryptocurrency transactions will account for over 50% of global financial transactions, with Bitcoin surpassing $1 million USD per coin and becoming a widely accepted store of value. Central banks will issue digital currencies, facilitating instant cross-border transactions and reducing financial friction.

9. Enhanced Connectivity: 6G networks will provide data transfer speeds of over 1 terabit per second (Tbps), enabling real-time holographic communication and immersive virtual reality experiences. Augmented reality glasses will replace smartphones as the primary computing interface, with over 80% of the global population owning AR-enabled devices.

10. Ethical and Regulatory Challenges: Governments will establish international standards for AI ethics and data privacy, with strict regulations governing the collection and use of personal data. Ethical AI certification will be mandatory for all AI systems, ensuring transparency and accountability in algorithmic decision-making.

Lesson #8: Environment

Outcome: I can read about the Standing Rock oil pipeline protests.

Instructions: Complete the following reading and respond to the reading comprehension questions.

Lesson #9: Eating Habits

Outcome: I can read about reasons for obesity in a forum and report on common issues.

Instructions: Complete the following reading and respond to the comprehension questions.

Obesity has become a significant public health issue worldwide, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. One primary reason for obesity is the consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, commonly referred to as "junk food" or processed foods. These foods are often high in sugars, fats, and refined carbohydrates, which can lead to excessive calorie intake and weight gain when consumed regularly.

Additionally, sedentary lifestyles characterized by limited physical activity and prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity contribute to obesity. With the rise of technology and urbanization, many people have become increasingly reliant on cars, computers, and electronic devices, leading to a decrease in physical activity levels. Lack of regular exercise and movement can result in an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure, leading to weight gain over time.

Social and economic factors also play a role in the obesity epidemic. Socioeconomic disparities, including limited access to affordable, nutritious foods and opportunities for physical activity, disproportionately affect marginalized communities, leading to higher rates of obesity among lower-income populations. Additionally, cultural norms and societal expectations regarding body image and food choices can influence individual behaviors and contribute to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles.

Furthermore, genetic predisposition and biological factors can influence an individual's susceptibility to obesity. While genetics alone do not determine one's weight, they can influence metabolic rate, appetite regulation, and fat storage, making some individuals more prone to weight gain than others. Additionally, certain medical conditions and medications can contribute to weight gain and obesity as side effects.

Overall, obesity is a complex and multifactorial issue influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Addressing the root causes of obesity requires a comprehensive approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits, increasing physical activity, addressing socioeconomic disparities, and fostering supportive environments that facilitate healthy lifestyle choices.

Comprehension Questions:

1. What are some dietary factors that contribute to obesity?
2. How does sedentary behavior contribute to weight gain?
3. How do socioeconomic disparities affect obesity rates?
4. What role do genetics play in obesity?
5. What are some strategies for addressing the obesity epidemic?

Lesson #10: Greed and Generosity 

Outcome: I can read about philanthropists and choose one’s favorite.

Instructions: Read about the four following motivational speakers. Then, do research on any philanthropist of your choice and report key details about them.

1. Tony Robbins: Tony Robbins is one of the most well-known motivational speakers in the world, renowned for his dynamic stage presence and powerful coaching techniques. With over four decades of experience, Robbins has inspired millions of people through his seminars, books, and audio programs. His teachings focus on personal development, goal setting, and overcoming limiting beliefs to achieve success in all areas of life. Robbins' high-energy style and practical strategies resonate with audiences worldwide, empowering them to unleash their full potential and take control of their destinies.

2. Les Brown: Les Brown is a celebrated motivational speaker known for his electrifying speeches and inspiring life story. Born into poverty and labeled as mentally handicapped as a child, Brown defied the odds to become a highly sought-after speaker and author. His motivational messages center on the power of belief, persistence, and resilience in overcoming adversity and achieving greatness. Brown's compelling storytelling and infectious enthusiasm motivate audiences to pursue their dreams relentlessly, regardless of their circumstances.

3. Eric Thomas: Eric Thomas, also known as "ET the Hip Hop Preacher," is a dynamic motivational speaker and life coach who rose to prominence with his viral YouTube videos and inspiring message of perseverance and determination. Drawing from his own experiences of homelessness and hardship, Thomas delivers hard-hitting speeches that challenge individuals to take responsibility for their lives and pursue excellence with unwavering commitment. His raw authenticity and no-nonsense approach resonate with audiences, motivating them to embrace the grind and strive for greatness in the face of adversity.

4. Mel Robbins: Mel Robbins is a bestselling author, life coach, and motivational speaker known for her groundbreaking "5 Second Rule" technique and empowering message of self-empowerment and personal transformation. Through her books, TED Talks, and television appearances, Robbins encourages individuals to break free from self-doubt, procrastination, and fear by taking decisive action within five seconds. Her practical advice and relatable anecdotes inspire audiences to overcome obstacles, seize opportunities, and create positive change in their lives.

Lesson #11: Games

Outcome: I can read arguments about the connection between gaming and violence.

Instructions: Read the following opinion pieces and respond to the comprehension questions.

Lesson #12: Memory

Outcome: I can read about vocabulary retention strategies and give your opinion.

Instructions: Read about vocabulary retention strategies. Then, discuss which strategies you have tried, haven't tried and plan to try in the future. 

1. Contextual Learning: Associate new words with their context to understand their meaning more effectively. Reading extensively, watching movies or TV shows, and engaging in conversations are excellent ways to encounter new words in context and understand how they are used naturally.

2. Use of Flashcards: Create flashcards with the new word on one side and its definition, usage, or an example sentence on the other. Review these flashcards regularly, testing yourself on the meaning and usage of each word. Digital flashcard apps such as Anki or Quizlet offer customizable options and spaced repetition features to optimize vocabulary retention.

3. Word Association: Link new words with familiar words or concepts to make them more memorable. Create mnemonic devices or visual imagery to help reinforce associations between words and their meanings. For example, associating the word "pulchritudinous" with "beautiful" by visualizing a stunning landscape.

4. Word Maps or Mind Maps: Create word maps or mind maps to visually organize new vocabulary and their relationships. Start with a central concept or theme and branch out to related words, synonyms, antonyms, and collocations. This visual representation can aid in understanding word connections and facilitate better retention.

5. Active Engagement: Actively engage with new vocabulary by using it in writing, speaking, or active recall exercises. Write sentences or paragraphs incorporating new words, participate in discussions or debates where you can use the words in context, or practice speaking with a language partner or tutor to reinforce retention.

6. Review and Repetition: Regularly review previously learned words to reinforce retention. Schedule dedicated review sessions where you revisit old vocabulary alongside learning new words. Spaced repetition techniques, such as the Leitner system, involve reviewing words at increasing intervals to solidify long-term memory retention.

7. Vocabulary Journals: Keep a vocabulary journal or digital document where you record new words along with their definitions, usage, and any other relevant information. Reflect on and review these entries periodically to reinforce retention and track your progress over time.

8. Contextual Learning: Whenever possible, learn new vocabulary in context rather than in isolation. Read articles, books, or other texts in the target language to encounter new words in their natural settings. Pay attention to how words are used in sentences and paragraphs to grasp their nuances and connotations.

Lesson #13: Extinction

Outcome: I can read about ways to support the ecosystem and biodiversity.

Instructions: Read about ways to support the ecosystem. Give your opinion on the reading.

1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Minimize waste generation by adopting the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle. Reduce consumption of single-use plastics and disposable items, reuse products whenever possible, and recycle materials such as paper, glass, plastic, and metal to conserve natural resources and reduce pollution.

2. Conserve Water: Practice water conservation measures to reduce water consumption and minimize strain on freshwater ecosystems. Fix leaks, install water-efficient appliances and fixtures, and avoid wasting water unnecessarily. Additionally, support initiatives to protect and restore wetlands, rivers, and lakes, which play critical roles in maintaining water quality and biodiversity.

3. Protect Natural Habitats: Advocate for the preservation and protection of natural habitats such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and coral reefs. Support efforts to establish protected areas, national parks, and wildlife reserves to safeguard biodiversity and provide habitat for endangered species. Participate in habitat restoration projects, tree planting initiatives, and invasive species removal efforts to enhance ecosystem resilience and functionality.

4. Promote Sustainable Agriculture: Encourage the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize soil health, biodiversity conservation, and minimal environmental impact. Support organic farming, agroecology, and regenerative agriculture methods that promote soil conservation, reduce chemical inputs, and enhance ecosystem services such as pollination and pest control.

5. Plant Native Species: Plant native species of plants, trees, and shrubs in gardens, parks, and urban areas to support local ecosystems and provide habitat for native wildlife. Avoid planting invasive species that can outcompete native plants and disrupt ecosystem balance. Create wildlife-friendly habitats by incorporating diverse vegetation, water features, and nesting sites to attract birds, pollinators, and other wildlife.

6. Practice Sustainable Fishing and Seafood Consumption: Support sustainable fishing practices and responsible seafood consumption to prevent overexploitation of marine resources and protect marine ecosystems. Choose seafood from certified sustainable fisheries and aquaculture operations, and avoid species that are overfished or caught using destructive fishing methods.

7. Educate and Raise Awareness: Educate yourself and others about the importance of ecosystem conservation and the interconnectedness of all living organisms. Raise awareness about environmental issues, advocate for policy changes that support ecosystem protection, and engage in community outreach and environmental education initiatives to inspire action and promote environmental stewardship.

8. Reduce Carbon Footprint: Take steps to reduce your carbon footprint and minimize greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and ecosystem degradation. Reduce energy consumption, use renewable energy sources, adopt sustainable transportation options, and support initiatives to conserve forests and restore degraded ecosystems that sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Lesson #14: Medication

Outcome: I can read about conditions which are commonly used as adjectives.

Instructions: Read about how certain conditions are (problematically) used as adjectives. Identify words / phrases that could be used instead of using these terms in conversation.

1. OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder): In colloquial language, "OCD" is often used to describe someone who is excessively organized, meticulous, or particular about certain habits or routines. However, it's essential to recognize that OCD is a serious mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that significantly impair daily functioning.

2. Bipolar: The term "bipolar" is sometimes used to describe rapid or extreme changes in mood, behavior, or opinions. For example, someone may say they are feeling "bipolar" to convey experiencing mood swings or unpredictability. Bipolar disorder, however, is a psychiatric condition characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania (or hypomania), which can cause significant disruptions in mood, energy levels, and behavior.

3. Schizophrenic: Colloquially, "schizophrenic" may be used to describe erratic or disjointed thinking, speech, or behavior. However, schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental illness characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired social functioning. Using the term "schizophrenic" to describe behavior inaccurately trivializes the complexity of the disorder.

4. Anxiety: "Anxiety" is often used to describe feelings of nervousness, worry, or unease in everyday language. For instance, someone might say they are feeling "anxious" before a job interview or exam. While occasional feelings of anxiety are normal, anxiety disorders involve persistent and excessive worry or fear that can interfere with daily life and functioning.

5. ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder): "ADHD" is sometimes used to describe someone who is easily distracted, impulsive, or hyperactive. However, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that impair academic, occupational, or social functioning.

Lesson #15: Crime

Outcome: I can read about ways to stay safe while on holiday.

Instructions: Read about ways to stay safe of holiday. Paraphrase the information.

1. Plan Ahead: Before embarking on any holiday activities, take the time to plan ahead. This includes mapping out your travel route, checking weather conditions, and making reservations for accommodations or events in advance. Planning ahead can help minimize unexpected surprises and ensure a smoother holiday experience.

2. Practice Safe Travel: Whether you're traveling by car, plane, or other means, prioritize safety. If driving, ensure your vehicle is properly maintained, and observe traffic laws. If flying, arrive at the airport early and follow security protocols. Consider travel insurance for added peace of mind, especially if traveling internationally.

3. Stay Aware of Surroundings: Whether shopping at malls, attending holiday events, or exploring new destinations, stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings. Keep personal belongings secure, avoid isolated areas, and be cautious of strangers. Trust your instincts and take precautions to stay safe in unfamiliar environments.

4. Practice Fire Safety: If decorating your home for the holidays, be mindful of fire safety. Use flame-retardant decorations, keep candles away from flammable materials, and never leave lit candles unattended. Check smoke detectors and have a fire extinguisher readily available in case of emergencies.

5. Prevent Illness: With the onset of cold and flu season, take steps to prevent illness and protect your health. Wash your hands frequently, avoid close contact with sick individuals, and get vaccinated against the flu if recommended. Practice good hygiene habits to minimize the spread of germs and viruses.

6. Manage Stress: The holiday season can be stressful, so prioritize self-care and stress management techniques. Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga. Set realistic expectations, delegate tasks when possible, and don't hesitate to ask for help if feeling overwhelmed.

7. Drink Responsibly: If consuming alcohol during holiday celebrations, do so responsibly. Know your limits, pace yourself, and avoid drinking and driving at all costs. Arrange for a designated driver, use ride-sharing services, or stay overnight if necessary to ensure everyone's safety.

8. Practice Food Safety: When preparing holiday meals or attending potluck gatherings, practice food safety to prevent foodborne illnesses. Wash hands thoroughly, keep raw and cooked foods separate, cook food to proper temperatures, and refrigerate leftovers promptly.

9. Be Mindful of Online Safety: During the holiday season, online shopping and digital transactions increase significantly. Protect yourself from online scams, identity theft, and cyberattacks by using secure websites, avoiding suspicious emails or links, and regularly updating your antivirus software.

10. Stay Connected: Lastly, stay connected with family and friends, especially if traveling or spending time apart during the holidays. Keep in touch through phone calls, video chats, or social media to maintain connections and provide support during the festive season.

Lesson #16: Protests

Outcome: I can read about ways to confront people.

Instructions: Complete the following reading and respond to the reading comprehension questions.

Lesson #17: Pet Peeves

Outcome: I can read about pet peeves and reflect on which ones the students have.

Instructions: Read through the following pet peeves. Indicate which ones resonate with you.

1. People who chew loudly or with their mouth open.
2. Being interrupted while speaking.
3. People who are constantly late.
4. Loud and incessant noises, such as construction or car alarms.
5. When someone talks over others in a conversation.
6. People who don't use their turn signals while driving.
7. Slow internet or a poor Wi-Fi connection.
8. People who don't clean up after their pets.
9. People who don't hold the door open for others.
10. Leaving empty food containers in the fridge or pantry.
11. When someone doesn't respond to text messages or emails promptly.
12. Loud and obnoxious cellphone use in public places.
13. People who don't use headphones in public when listening to music or watching videos.
14. Poor hygiene, such as bad body odor or strong perfume/cologne.
15. Slow walkers who block pathways or aisles.
16. People who talk loudly on their phones in public places.
17. Drivers who tailgate or drive too slowly in the passing lane.
18. When someone leaves dirty dishes in the sink.
19. People who constantly interrupt movies or TV shows with commentary.
20. When someone uses your belongings without asking permission.

Lesson #18: Manners and Taboos

Outcome: I can read narratives about culture shock and respond to questions.

Instructions: Read the following narratives and then respond to the comprehension questions.

Lesson #19: Risk

Outcome: I can read a few common ethical dilemmas and give one’s opinion.

Instructions: Read the following ethical dilemmas. Indicate what you would do in that situation.

1. The Trolley Problem: You are standing by a railway track when you see a runaway trolley hurtling down the track towards five people who are tied to the track and unable to move. You are next to a lever that can divert the trolley onto another track where there is only one person tied up. Do you pull the lever to save five lives but sacrifice one, or do you do nothing and allow the trolley to continue on its current path?

2. The Organ Transplant Dilemma: A doctor has five patients who are each in need of a different organ transplant to survive. There are no organ donors available, but in the waiting room, there is a healthy person whose organs could save the lives of all five patients if harvested. Is it ethical for the doctor to sacrifice one person to save five others?

3. The Insider Trading Dilemma: You work for a company and have access to confidential information about an upcoming product launch that will significantly increase the company's stock value. You also own stock in the company. Is it ethical to use this insider information to buy more stock and profit from the information, knowing that it is not available to the public?

4. The Environmental Conservation Dilemma: You are the manager of a company that produces a popular product, but the production process generates a significant amount of pollution that harms the environment. Implementing cleaner production methods would significantly increase costs and potentially lead to layoffs. Do you prioritize environmental conservation and invest in cleaner production methods, or do you prioritize profitability and job security for employees?

5. The End-of-Life Care Dilemma: You are a healthcare professional caring for a terminally ill patient who is in excruciating pain and has expressed a desire to end their suffering. The patient has requested assistance in ending their life, which is illegal in your jurisdiction. Do you honor the patient's wishes and risk legal consequences, or do you adhere to the law and continue providing palliative care even if it prolongs the patient's suffering?

Lesson #20: Job Interviews

Outcome: I can read a series of resumes and choose the best applicant for a job.

Instructions: Read the following job description and resumes. Then, choose the best applicant for the job.

Job Description: Marketing Coordinator

We are seeking a dynamic and creative Marketing Coordinator to join our team. The Marketing Coordinator will be responsible for assisting with the development and implementation of marketing strategies to promote our products or services. This role will involve collaborating with cross-functional teams to execute marketing campaigns, analyzing market trends and consumer behavior, and managing digital marketing channels. The ideal candidate will have excellent communication skills, strong attention to detail, and a passion for marketing. Previous experience in marketing or related field is preferred.

Resume 1: Name: Emily Johnson

Education:

• Bachelor of Arts in Marketing, University of XYZ, GPA: 3.8/4.0

Experience:

• Marketing Intern, ABC Company
  • Assisted in the development and execution of marketing campaigns
  • Conducted market research and analysis to identify target audiences
  • Managed social media platforms and engaged with followers to increase brand visibility

Skills:

• Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite
• Strong communication and interpersonal skills
• Familiarity with social media marketing tools and analytics platforms
• Detail-oriented with excellent organizational skills

Resume 2: Name: Michael Rodriguez

Education:

• Bachelor of Business Administration in Marketing, XYZ University, GPA: 3.6/4.0

Experience:

• Marketing Assistant, XYZ Corporation
  • Supported the marketing team in the planning and execution of promotional activities
  • Assisted in creating content for email marketing campaigns and social media platforms
  • Conducted competitive analysis and market research to identify new opportunities for growth

Skills:

• Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite
• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
• Ability to work effectively in a fast-paced environment
• Excellent project management and multitasking abilities

Resume 3: Name: Sarah Patel

Education:

• Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in Marketing, ABC College, GPA: 3.7/4.0

Experience:

• Marketing Coordinator Intern, XYZ Agency
  • Assisted in developing marketing strategies and campaigns for clients
  • Managed social media accounts and created engaging content to increase brand awareness
  • Conducted market research and analyzed data to identify key insights and trends

Skills:

• Proficient in Google Analytics and other marketing analytics tools
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills
• Strong attention to detail and ability to prioritize tasks effectively
• Creative thinker with a passion for marketing and branding

Lesson #21: Workplace Issues

Outcome: I can read about teacher strikes and summarize the arguments.

Instructions: Read the following text. For each strike, research and summarize the arguments of the strikers.

1. West Virginia Teacher Strike (2018): In February 2018, teachers across West Virginia went on strike to demand higher wages and better benefits. The strike, which lasted nine days, was one of the longest in the state's history and involved thousands of educators protesting at the state capitol. Teachers expressed frustration over low pay, rising healthcare costs, and inadequate funding for public schools. The strike ended when state lawmakers agreed to a 5% pay raise for teachers and promised to address concerns about healthcare benefits and education funding.

2. Los Angeles Teacher Strike (2019): In January 2019, more than 30,000 teachers in Los Angeles went on strike to demand smaller class sizes, increased support staff, and higher salaries. The strike, organized by the United Teachers Los Angeles (UTLA) union, affected over 600,000 students across the city's public schools. Teachers argued that overcrowded classrooms and insufficient resources were hindering student learning and jeopardizing their ability to provide quality education. After six days of striking, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) and UTLA reached a tentative agreement that included reduced class sizes, additional support staff, and a salary increase for teachers.

3. Chicago Teacher Strike (2019): In October 2019, over 25,000 teachers in Chicago went on strike to demand better working conditions, increased support staff, and higher pay. The strike, organized by the Chicago Teachers Union (CTU), affected nearly 300,000 students across the city's public schools. Teachers raised concerns about overcrowded classrooms, lack of resources, and inadequate support for students with special needs. Negotiations between CTU and the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) focused on issues such as class size limits, hiring more nurses and counselors, and addressing disparities in school funding. The strike ended after 11 days when both parties reached a tentative agreement that addressed many of the teachers' demands.

Lesson #22: Education

Outcome: I can read about some language learning issues in a forum and give suggestions to improve.

Instructions: Browse threads in the following Reddit forums. Find a thread related to the struggles of language learning. Summarize points made by commenters.

Lesson #23: Retirement

Outcome: I can read about ways to prepare for retirement.

Instructions: Read the following texts on retirement preparation. Write about or discuss these narratives. Mention how the points made would or would not be applicable in your context. 

1. Financial Planning: As retirement approached, I embarked on a comprehensive review of my financial situation. I meticulously analyzed my retirement accounts, including 401(k), IRA, and pension benefits, to assess their adequacy in supporting my retirement goals. I consulted with a financial advisor to create a retirement income plan, taking into account factors such as inflation, taxes, and investment returns. Together, we developed a diversified investment strategy tailored to my risk tolerance and long-term objectives. I also explored alternative sources of income, such as rental properties or part-time work, to supplement my retirement savings. Regularly monitoring my financial progress and adjusting my plan accordingly provided me with confidence and security as I transitioned into retirement.

2. Healthcare Considerations: Understanding the complexities of healthcare in retirement was paramount in my preparations. I researched different Medicare plans, evaluating their coverage options, premiums, and out-of-pocket costs. I also explored supplemental insurance policies and long-term care coverage to protect against unexpected medical expenses. Consulting with healthcare professionals and attending educational seminars helped me navigate the complexities of Medicare enrollment and make informed decisions about my healthcare options. By proactively addressing my healthcare needs, I gained peace of mind knowing that I was adequately covered for medical emergencies and routine care throughout retirement.

3. Lifestyle Adjustments: Transitioning into retirement necessitated adjustments to my lifestyle and spending habits. I began by evaluating my current expenses and identifying areas where I could reduce costs without sacrificing quality of life. This included downsizing my home to a more manageable size, selling unnecessary belongings, and cutting back on non-essential expenses such as dining out and entertainment. Embracing a more minimalist lifestyle allowed me to prioritize experiences over material possessions, enriching my life with meaningful experiences and relationships. By adopting a frugal mindset and living within my means, I was able to build a financial cushion for unexpected expenses and enjoy a more fulfilling retirement.

4. Social and Emotional Preparation: Recognizing the importance of social connections and emotional well-being in retirement, I took proactive steps to maintain a fulfilling and rewarding lifestyle. I sought out opportunities to stay socially engaged by joining clubs, participating in volunteer activities, and attending community events. Building a strong support network of friends and family provided me with companionship, support, and a sense of belonging during this transitional period. Additionally, I invested time in self-reflection and personal growth, exploring new hobbies, interests, and passions that brought joy and fulfillment to my life. Cultivating a sense of purpose and meaning in retirement helped me navigate the emotional challenges of this new chapter with resilience and optimism.

5. Estate Planning: Planning for the future and ensuring my wishes were carried out required careful consideration and preparation. I worked closely with an estate planning attorney to create a comprehensive plan that addressed my unique needs and goals for passing on my assets to loved ones. This included drafting a will to specify how my assets would be distributed upon my passing, establishing trusts to protect assets and minimize estate taxes, and designating beneficiaries for retirement accounts and life insurance policies. Regularly reviewing and updating my estate plan ensured that it remained aligned with my evolving circumstances and wishes. By taking proactive steps to plan for the distribution of my estate, I gained peace of mind knowing that my loved ones would be taken care of and my legacy would endure for generations to come.

Lesson #24: Scandals

Outcome: I can read about popular political scandals.

Instructions: Read the following texts and respond to the reading comprehension questions. 

1. Watergate Scandal (1972-1974): The Watergate scandal remains one of the most notorious political scandals in American history. It began with the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate complex in 1972, which was later revealed to be orchestrated by members of President Richard Nixon's reelection campaign. As the scandal unfolded, it was discovered that Nixon and his administration had engaged in a series of illegal activities, including obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and efforts to cover up their involvement in the break-in. The scandal ultimately led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the only U.S. president to resign from office. The Watergate scandal exposed the vulnerabilities of the American political system and underscored the importance of transparency and accountability in government.

   Comprehension Questions:

   1. What event sparked the Watergate scandal?
   2. What illegal activities were uncovered during the investigation?
   3. What was the outcome of the Watergate scandal for President Richard Nixon?
   4. What lessons were learned from the Watergate scandal about government accountability?

2. Iran-Contra Affair (1985-1987): The Iran-Contra affair involved a complex web of clandestine operations conducted by the Reagan administration in the 1980s. It was revealed that senior officials, including members of President Ronald Reagan's National Security Council, had secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, despite an embargo, in exchange for the release of American hostages held in Lebanon. Additionally, proceeds from the arms sales were diverted to fund the Contras, a rebel group in Nicaragua, despite a congressional ban on such assistance. The affair raised serious questions about the legality and ethics of U.S. foreign policy and led to investigations by Congress and a special prosecutor. While several officials were indicted and convicted, President Reagan maintained plausible deniability and avoided direct implication in the scandal.

   Comprehension Questions:

   1. What were the two main components of the Iran-Contra affair?
   2. What were the motivations behind the Reagan administration's actions in the Iran-Contra affair?
   3. What legal and ethical issues were raised by the Iran-Contra affair?
   4. How did President Reagan avoid direct implication in the scandal?

3. Monica Lewinsky Scandal (1998): The Monica Lewinsky scandal rocked the presidency of Bill Clinton and captivated the nation's attention in 1998. It was revealed that Clinton, then serving as president, had engaged in an inappropriate relationship with a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. The scandal unfolded amid an investigation into Clinton's alleged sexual misconduct in a separate legal case, ultimately leading to his impeachment by the House of Representatives on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice. Despite being acquitted by the Senate, Clinton's reputation was tarnished, and the scandal had far-reaching political and personal consequences for all involved parties.

   Comprehension Questions:

   1. Who was Monica Lewinsky, and what was her role in the scandal?
   2. What were the charges brought against President Bill Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky scandal?
   3. What were the political implications of the Monica Lewinsky scandal for President Clinton?
   4. How did the Monica Lewinsky scandal impact public perception of the presidency?

4. Enron Scandal (2001): The Enron scandal exposed widespread corporate fraud and accounting irregularities at the Enron Corporation, one of the largest energy companies in the United States. In 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy, resulting in massive financial losses for investors, employees, and shareholders. It was revealed that Enron executives had engaged in deceptive accounting practices to conceal the company's true financial condition, artificially inflating its stock prices and misleading investors. The scandal led to the dissolution of Enron, criminal prosecutions of several executives, and sweeping reforms in corporate governance and accounting regulations.

   Comprehension Questions:

   1. What were the main factors that led to the collapse of Enron?
   2. What were some of the deceptive accounting practices employed by Enron executives?
   3. What were the consequences of the Enron scandal for investors, employees, and shareholders?
   4. How did the Enron scandal impact corporate governance and accounting regulations in the United States?

Lesson #25: Polyglots

Outcome: I can read forum discussions about “fake polyglots”.

Instructions: Go to a discussion forum website. Use the following sample searches to help you learn more about "fake polyglots". Then, summarize your findings. 

1. How to spot fake polyglots
2. Signs of a fake polyglot
3. Identifying language learning fraud
4. Exposing false language proficiency claims
5. Debunking polyglot myths
6. Language fluency scams
7. Polyglot impostors
8. Language learning charlatans
9. Detecting fake language skills
10. Experiences with fake polyglots
11. Red flags of fake language proficiency
12. Language learning authenticity
13. Tips for verifying polyglot claims
14. Language fraud investigations
15. Polyglot credibility assessments